Computer hardware maintenance is the process of keeping a computer's physical components—like the CPU, motherboard, RAM, and peripherals—in optimal working condition through cleaning, troubleshooting, upgrading, and repairing. This includes both proactive, preventive tasks like dusting and updating firmware, and reactive tasks like replacing a failing hard drive or repairing damaged cables. Effective maintenance prevents issues, ensures smooth performance, extends the life of the equipment, and protects against data loss and security threats.  

• Cleaning: Removing dust and debris from fans, vents, and components to prevent overheating and mechanical failure. 
   
• Firmware and driver updates: Keeping the software that controls the hardware up to date to ensure compatibility and fix bugs. 
   
• Performance monitoring: Checking system performance metrics to identify and address potential issues before they cause a failure. 
   
• Physical checks: Inspecting cables for damage, ensuring peripherals are properly connected, and checking for overloaded electrical connections. 
   
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• Corrective maintenance:

  Actions taken to fix a problem after it has occurred. 

   
• Troubleshooting: Diagnosing the cause of a hardware issue. 
   
• Component replacement: Installing new parts to replace faulty ones, such as replacing a failing hard drive or upgrading insufficient RAM. 
   
• Repair: Fixing damaged components or systems. 
   
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• Upgrading:

  Replacing components with newer or better ones to improve performance, such as adding more memory or a faster hard drive. 

   

   

• Longevity: Extends the usable life of computer hardware. 
   
• Reliability: Reduces the risk of unexpected downtime and data loss caused by hardware failure. 
   
• Security: Helps prevent certain types of malware and protects against security threats that could harm the system.