Computer networking hardware consists of the physical devices that connect computers and allow them to communicate and share resources. These devices include components like routers, switches, and modems, which manage data transmission, and end devices like computers and printers. The overall goal of network hardware is to facilitate the exchange of data, resources, and services between connected devices.  

• Switches:

  Connect multiple devices on a single local area network (LAN) and use MAC addresses to send data to the correct destination. 

   

   
• Modems:

  Modulate and demodulate signals, allowing for communication between a home or office network and the internet. 

   

   
• Hubs:

  Connect devices in a network, but forward data to all connected devices instead of sending it to a specific destination, making them less efficient than switches. 

   

   
• Network Interface Cards (NICs):

  A component, often built into a computer, that allows it to connect to a network. 

   

   
• Transmission Media:

  The physical connection between devices, such as cables (e.g., Ethernet, fiber optic) for wired networks or radio waves (e.g., Wi-Fi) for wireless networks. 

   

   

• Data transmission:

  It manages the flow of data, ensuring it gets from the source to the correct destination efficiently and reliably. 

   

   
• Resource sharing:

  It allows multiple devices to access shared resources like printers, files, and internet connections, which reduces costs and improves collaboration. 

   

   
• Connecting networks:

  Routers specifically enable the connection of different networks, such as a home network to the internet.